Which of the following terms is used to describe activities associated with modifying software?

The term that accurately describes activities associated with modifying software is "Maintenance." In the context of software engineering, maintenance refers to the process of changing and updating software after its initial deployment. This includes fixing bugs, improving performance, and adding new features based on user feedback or shifting requirements.

Evolution, while it may sound appropriate, generally refers to the broader concept of software change over time, encompassing maintenance but also including more substantial changes and advancements in software systems. Validation entails the process of checking if the software meets certain requirements and is functioning correctly. Implementation focuses on the development and installation of software, rather than modifications post-deployment. Thus, the specificity of "Maintenance" highlights the ongoing activities that ensure software remains effective and relevant throughout its lifecycle.