Which activity is NOT a common software engineering activity?

Software deployment is typically considered a common practice in software engineering where the completed software is delivered and installed for use. However, the key distinction lies in the context of software engineering activities that focus on the iterative and maintenance aspects of software development.

Software specification involves defining what the software system should do, including requirements and features. Software validation ensures that the software meets the specified requirements and performs correctly in its intended environment. Software evolution refers to the ongoing process of modifying and improving the software after its initial deployment, which is essential for adapting to changing user needs or technological advancements.

While deployment is an essential step in bringing the software to life, it does not encompass the proactive development and adaptation phases that are central to the software engineering process, such as defining, validating, and evolving the software. Therefore, it fits the characteristic of being less about systemic development and more about operationalization, making it the least aligned with the core activities typically emphasized in software development cycles.